01 - Preheat oven to 350°F. Grease a 9-inch round or square baking pan and line with parchment paper.
02 - Combine flour, sugar, and cold butter in a small bowl. Blend with fingers or fork until coarse crumbs form. Set aside.
03 - Whisk together flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt in a medium bowl.
04 - Beat softened butter and granulated sugar in a large bowl until light and fluffy, about 2 to 3 minutes.
05 - Incorporate eggs one at a time, then stir in lemon zest, lemon juice, and vanilla extract.
06 - Alternate adding half the flour mixture, then milk, then remaining flour mixture to wet ingredients. Mix gently until just combined.
07 - Gently fold fresh or frozen blueberries into the batter without overmixing.
08 - Pour batter into prepared pan and smooth surface. Evenly sprinkle crumb topping over batter.
09 - Bake for 40 to 45 minutes until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean. Cool in pan for 15 minutes, then transfer to wire rack to cool completely.
10 - Whisk powdered sugar with lemon juice until smooth and pourable. Drizzle glaze over cooled cake before serving.